Certain quantum devices, such as half-wave plates and quarter-wave plates in quantum optics, are bidirectional, meaning that the roles of their input and output ports can be exchanged.Bidirectional devices can be used in a forward mode and a backward mode, corresponding to two opposite choices of the input-output direction.They can also be used in

When not dividing, many cell types target their centrosome to the plasma membrane, where it nucleates assembly of a primary cilium, an antenna-like signaling structure consisting of nine concentric microtubule pairs surrounded by membrane.Primary cilia play important pathophysiological roles in many tissues, their dysfunction being associated with

Ataxia is a constellation of symptoms that involves a lack of coordination, imbalance, and difficulty walking.Hereditary ataxia occurs when a person is born with defective genes, and this degenerative disorder may progress for several years.There is no effective cure for ataxia, so we need to search for new treatments.Recently, interest in riluzole

Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important workhorse for industrial production of diversiform bioproducts.Precise regulation of gene expression is crucial for metabolic balance and enhancing production of target molecules.Auto-inducible promoters, which can be activated without expensive inducers, are ideal regulatory tools for industrial-scale app

In this world, women face a plethora of problems such as discrimination, violence, abuse and varied unequal treatment at home, at school, at the work place, at religious institutions and in wider society (Muriithi, 2000:12-13).Women discrimination in the church has been an area of great concern and reflection for many decades.The Lemon Squeezer maj